Optimizing Pelargonium Ash as a Partial Cement Replacement in High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete: Mechanical and Durability Aspects

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of Pelargonium Ash (PGA) as a partial cement replacement on the mechanical and durability properties of High Strength-Self Compacting Concrete (HSSCC). PGA was incorporated at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement levels, and its influence on setting time, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and resistance to sulfate and chloride attacks was evaluated. The results indicate that a 5% PGA replacement is optimal, leading to slight improvements in compressive strength at early and late curing ages without compromising self-compacting properties. Higher replacement levels (10%, 15%, 20%) adversely affect mechanical performance and durability due to rapid hardening, increased water absorption, and dilution of cementitious components. The 5% PGA mix exhibited enhanced resistance to sulfate and chloride attacks, attributed to pore refinement and pozzolanic activity. However, excessive PGA content beyond 10% negatively impacts durability and mechanical properties. Adjustments in water and superplasticizer dosages are necessary at higher PGA levels to maintain workability. In conclusion, PGA can be effectively used as a sustainable partial cement replacement in HSSCC at an optimal level of 5-10%, balancing mechanical performance, durability, and environmental benefits.