Advanced Multidisciplinary Engineering Journal (AMEJ)
Advanced Multidisciplinary Engineering Journal (AMEJ) is an international, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research in all branches of engineering. The AMEJ provides a global platform for researchers, academics, industry experts, and innovators to present original contributions, cutting-edge advancements, and practical applications in engineering and applied sciences. The journal aims to bridge the gap between theoretical development, experimental work, industrial practice, and emerging technologies, offering comprehensive coverage of modern engineering challenges and their solutions. AMEJ welcomes multidisciplinary studies, cross-disciplinary collaborations, and research that integrates diverse engineering domains. ISSN (Online): 3070-5797 Frequency: 6 Volumes Annually ============================ Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Dr. Ahmed F. El-Sayed Professor of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Zagazig University Email: dr_ahmedhelal@yahoo.com Website: https://www.ahmedfelsayed.com CV: https://www.ahmedfelsayed.com/Resume/Resume.pdf Dr. Ahmed F. El-Sayed is a distinguished Professor of Aerospace and Mechanical Power Engineering at Zagazig University with a career spanning over four decades in academia and industry. He previously served as a Senior Engineer at EgyptAir and contributed to international research collaborations with organizations such as Westinghouse and Rolls-Royce. A globally recognized scholar, he is a member of New York Academy of Sciences and has authored 16 textbooks with leading publishers including Taylor & Francis, Springer, and Wiley, alongside over 100 scientific publications in aerospace propulsion, aerodynamics, and renewable energy. His contributions extend to the design of wind turbines implemented in Egypt and to academic leadership roles, including founding the Aeronautical and Spacecraft Department at Zagazig University. He has been a visiting professor and invited speaker at prestigious institutions worldwide such as NASA Glenn Research Center and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and has received numerous international honors recognizing his impact on engineering research and education. ============================================================ Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Saad Agwa Department of Civil and Architectural Constructions, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez 43221, Egypt Email: ibrahim.agwa@suezuniv.edu.eg Dr. Ibrahim Saad Agwa is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Architectural Constructions, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Egypt. He holds a PhD in Civil Construction Technology and has an established academic career combining teaching, research, and scholarly publishing. His research interests focus on advanced concrete technology, high-performance and sustainable construction materials, green and eco-friendly concrete, and the application of nanomaterials in cementitious composites. Dr. Agwa has authored and co-authored numerous peer-reviewed research articles published in international journals indexed in Scopus and other reputable databases, reflecting a solid contribution to the fields of civil engineering and construction materials. His work demonstrates strong methodological rigor, originality, and relevance to contemporary challenges in sustainable infrastructure and construction technology. Scopus:https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56584556900 Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Agwa ============================================ For more details, please get in touch with AMEJ: Journal editors : Dr. Khaled Ramzy Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University. =================================== Dr. Udit Mamodiya, Associate Professor & Associate Dean (Research), Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Poornima University, Jaipur, India =========================== Prof. Dr. Ali H. AlAteah Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia. ========================== Dr. Sahar A. Mostafa Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. =================== Assistant Editor: Dr. Hisham Fawzy Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, 62511, Egypt. =============================== Contact email of this journal Email: ( editorial.amej@scientificirg.com )
Scientific Innovation Research Group (SIRG)
Advanced Multidisciplinary Engineering Journal (AMEJ) content is published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CCBY). This means that content is freely available to all readers upon publication, and content is published as soon as production is complete. Advanced Multidisciplinary Engineering Journal (AMEJ) seeks to publish the most influential papers that will significantly advance scientific understanding. Selected articles must present new and widely significant data, syntheses, or concepts. They should merit recognition by the wider scientific community and the general public through publication in a reputable scientific journal.
Statistical Modeling and Multi-Response Optimization of Sustainable Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Response Surface Methodology
This study investigates the influence of natural aggregate (A), recycled aggregate (B), and treatment type (C) on slump and compressive strength at 7, 28, and 90 days. A quadratic response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to model linear, interaction, and quadratic effects. ANOVA confirmed model significance (p < 0.0001), with high F-values. Natural aggregate (A) was the dominant factor (F = 547.60 for slump, 425.74 for CS7, and 485.30 for CS90), while recycled aggregate (B) showed negligible influence within the studied range. Treatment type (C) exhibited significant nonlinear effects through its quadratic term (C²). The models demonstrated excellent predictive capability (R² = 0.9965 for slump, 0.9941 for CS7, and 0.9943 for CS90), with low standard deviation (≤ 0.7591) and high adequate precision (up to 60.336). Residual diagnostics confirmed normality, independence, and absence of bias. Response surface analysis indicated that increasing natural aggregate enhances both workability and strength. Optimization identified optimal conditions at A = [A*], B = [B*], and C = [C*], achieving a desirability of D = [D*]. These findings provide a robust statistical basis for optimizing sustainable concrete mixtures incorporating recycled aggregates.
Copyright (c) 2026 Advanced Multidisciplinary Engineering Journal (AMEJ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Large-Grain, Preferentially Oriented CH₃NH₃PbI₂Br Perovskite via Solution Processing: Correlating Structure, Morphology, and Organic–Inorganic Bonding
Mixed-halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their tunable structural and electronic properties. Among them, compositions such as CH₃NH₃PbI₂Br offer improved stability and enhanced functionality compared to single-halide perovskites. However, detailed correlations between crystallite size, preferential orientation, grain-scale morphology, and CH₃NH₃⁺–halide bonding remain sparsely reported for this specific composition. In this study, we report a straightforward solution synthesis of CH₃NH₃PbI₂Br, producing highly crystalline, preferentially oriented crystallites (~314 nm) and large micrometer-scale grains (7–15 µm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of a highly crystalline perovskite phase with strong preferential orientation (texture coefficient = 3.42 along the (001) plane). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals well-defined cubic and rectangular grains alongside porous intergranular regions indicative of rapid crystallization, with quantitative grain size analysis yielding a bimodal distribution (mean: 11.2 ± 2.4 µm for large grains; 3.8 ± 1.9 µm for interstitial grains). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirms robust CH₃NH₃⁺ incorporation and identifies characteristic vibrational modes indicative of strong organic–inorganic hydrogen bonding. The combined structural and spectroscopic results demonstrate that the synthesized CH₃NH₃PbI₂Br possesses high crystallinity, large grains, and stable organic–inorganic bonding, filling the gap in detailed structure–microstructure–spectroscopy correlation for this composition. These attributes highlight its potential suitability for solar cells, photodetectors, and other optoelectronic applications.
Effect of Surface-Treated Date Palm Rachis and Geogrid Reinforcement on High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete Slabs
The growing environmental concerns and increasing cost of conventional construction materials have intensified the need for sustainable and economical alternatives in concrete construction. This study investigates the flexural behavior of high-strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) slabs reinforced with alternative reinforcement systems, namely date palm rachis and geogrids. To enhance the bond characteristics between the reinforcements and the concrete matrix, surface treatments were applied using polyester resin mixed with fine sand, coarse sand, or fine glass powder.A series of slab specimens was cast and tested under flexural loading to evaluate load–deflection behavior and ultimate load capacity. The results were compared with those of an unreinforced control slab. The control specimen exhibited brittle behavior, failing at an ultimate load of approximately 9.9 kN with a limited deflection of about 4.3 mm. Slabs reinforced with untreated palm rachis showed only marginal improvement, reaching an ultimate load of approximately 10.2 kN. Surface treatment significantly enhanced the flexural performance of palm-rachis-reinforced slabs. Fine sand coating resulted in the highest ductility, with a maximum deflection of about 15.2 mm, while coarse sand coating provided the best overall performance, combining stable crack propagation with the highest ultimate load of approximately 13.1 kN. Palm rachis coated with fine glass powder exhibited increased stiffness accompanied by reduced deflection capacity. Geogrid reinforcement mainly contributed to improving flexural strength. Fine sand–coated geogrids achieved the highest ultimate load among geogrid specimens (≈11.4 kN), whereas coarse sand coating led to minor strength enhancement. Conversely, fine glass–coated geogrids showed excessive deflection (≈15.9 mm) and a considerable reduction in ultimate load (≈6.5 kN).
Date palm rachis Geogrid reinforcement Surface treatment
Optimization of Recycled Asphalt Aggregate Treatment for High-Strength Prepacked Concrete: Influence of Immersion Duration and Replacement Ratio
This study systematically investigates the use of gasoline-treated recycled asphalt aggregates in high-strength prepacked concrete, focusing on the combined effect of the aggregate replacement ratio and solvent immersion duration. Asphalt aggregates were immersed in gasoline for 2, 4, and 8 h and used to replace natural coarse aggregate at 25-100%. The compressive strength was evaluated at 7 and 28 days, whereas the tensile strength was assessed at 28 days. The results revealed that the mechanical performance was governed not only by the asphalt content but also by the duration of gasoline immersion, which has rarely been quantified in pre-packed concrete systems. While increasing asphalt content led to progressive strength reductions, the prepacked technique significantly mitigated strength loss at later ages, reducing the 28-day compressive strength reductions to approximately 10-24% at 25-50% replacement. In contrast, prolonged immersion caused additional deterioration, with tensile strength losses exceeding 30% at high replacement levels. Among all the conditions, 2 h of gasoline immersion consistently provided optimum performance, achieving effective contaminant removal while preserving aggregate integrity. The novelty of this study lies in identifying an optimum solvent treatment window for recycled asphalt aggregates within a high-strength prepacked concrete framework, demonstrating that excessive treatment is detrimental and that controlled immersion enables the sustainable use of asphalt aggregates without severe mechanical penalties.
Performance of Water Delivery by Direct Pumping System at Farm Level: Case Study of Abu-Gabal Tertiary Canal, Egypt
The Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) initiated a national program to improve the existing irrigation system of agricultural lands in the Nile River Delta during the past five decades. The program implemented a series of interventions in the irrigation delivery system. Eventually, electric pumps are used to directly supply irrigation water (direct pumping system) instead of using an open stand tank. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the direct pumping system for an irrigation improvement project in the El-Baslaqoun command area, Abu-Gabal Tertiary Canal (at farm level canal), as a model example in the Kafr El-Dawar area, Egypt. The results of water delivery performance reveal that efficiency, equity, and dependability were evaluated as “poor” according to the performance standards. Using MATLAB code, different scenarios were explored to improve water delivery performance. It is found that when the riser diameter is mostly modified to be four inches for all valves, the system not only delivers an adequate amount of water required to crops without excess flow but also gives a fair share of water among farmers.
Water resources & environmental engineering
The Dual Impact of Paraffin Wax and Finishing Treatments on Water Proofness and Strength of Raincoats
This research investigates the dual impact of paraffin wax treatment and finishing processes on water repellency and mechanical strength of woven textiles. Paraffin wax treatment significantly increased fabric hydrophobicity, as indicated by enhanced water contact angles and reduced water absorption. Simultaneously, the treatment strengthened fabric tensile properties by increasing inter-yarn friction and compactness. However, tear resistance declined due to restricted yarn slippage. Finishing processes, while enhancing surface smoothness and weight uniformity, altered hydrophobicity by removing wax residues and improving water absorption in certain cases. The study reveals the complex trade-offs between hydrophobicity and strength in treated and finished fabrics, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate techniques to achieve balanced fabric performance. These insights contribute to the development of textiles with optimized water repellency and mechanical integrity for technical and apparel applications.
Textile Treatment, Fabric performance, Hydrophobicity, Tensile and Tear Strength, Paraffin Wax, Finishing Treatment
Textile Finishing Functional Textiles Protective Clothing Fabric Performance Waterproof Textiles
Towards Sustainable Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Role of Nano Rice Husk Ash and Nano Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has gained considerable attention owing to its superior mechanical properties and durability; however, its performance can be further enhanced by incorporating nanoscale supplementary cementitious materials. This study investigates the effects of nano rice husk ash (NRHA) and nano sugarcane bagasse ash (NSCBA) on the mechanical and durability performance of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) incorporating end-hooked steel fibers. Both nanomaterials were produced through controlled calcination at 700 °C for 3 h, followed by ball milling to achieve nano-sized particles, ensuring high pozzolanic reactivity and effective dispersion. UHPC mixtures were prepared with varying nano contents, and a comprehensive experimental program was conducted to evaluate the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and sorptivity at different curing ages. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of NRHA and NSCBA significantly enhanced the mechanical performance of UHPC at both early and later ages. At 7 and 28 d, the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths showed notable improvements compared to those of the control mixture, with optimum nano contents yielding the highest strength gains. In particular, mixtures containing an intermediate dosage of NRHA exhibited the highest enhancements in tensile and flexural performance, indicating improved crack-bridging efficiency and fiber–matrix interaction. Durability assessment based on sorptivity measurements at 28 days revealed a substantial reduction in capillary water absorption for nano-modified UHPC, with NRHA-based mixtures showing the greatest improvement owing to pronounced pore refinement and matrix densification. Overall, the findings confirm that the use of agricultural waste-derived nanomaterials can effectively improve both the mechanical and durability properties of UHPC. Among the investigated mixtures, NRHA at the optimum dosage demonstrated superior overall performance, highlighting its potential as a sustainable and high efficiency nanoadditive for advanced UHPC applications.
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Comparative Analysis of Nano Zinc Oxide, Nano Silica Fume, and Nano Marble Powder as Cement Replacements in Self-Compacting Concrete
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an advanced class of concrete that offers significant advantages in terms of constructability and quality. However, achieving an optimal balance between mechanical performance and durability remains challenging. This study investigated the effects of incorporating nano zinc oxide, nano silica fume, and nano marble powder as partial replacements of cement on the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of SCC. Ten SCC mixtures were prepared, including a control mix and nine nano-modified mixes with varying replacement levels. Nano zinc oxide was used at replacement ratios of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, whereas nano silica fume and nano marble powder were incorporated at 1%, 2%, and 3% replacement levels. The fresh properties of SCC were evaluated to ensure compliance with self-compacting requirements, whereas the hardened performance was assessed through compressive strength (CS), splitting tensile strength (TS), and flexural strength (FS) tests at 7 and 28 days. In addition, sorptivity was measured at 28 days to evaluate the durability-related performance. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of nanomaterials significantly influenced the performance of SCC depending on the type and dosage of the nanomaterial. Nano silica fume exhibited the most pronounced improvement in both mechanical strength and durability, with an optimum replacement level of 2%, achieving notable enhancements in compressive, tensile, and FSs, and the lowest sorptivity values. Nano zinc oxide provided moderate but consistent improvements in mechanical properties; however, it increased sorptivity at higher dosages. In contrast, the nano marble powder primarily acted as an inert filler, resulting in moderate strength enhancement and improved durability at low replacement levels, whereas excessive replacement led to marginal performance gains. Overall, the findings highlight the critical role of nanomaterial selection and dosage optimization in enhancing SCC performance.
Performance Evaluation of Sustainable Lightweight Concrete Incorporating Recycled Brick Aggregates
This study investigates the performance of lightweight concrete incorporating crushed waste bricks as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregates, focusing on optimizing the mixing proportions and evaluating the influence of silica fume content and superplasticizer dosage. The experimental results demonstrated that replacing 25% of the natural aggregates with crushed bricks improved the 28-day compressive strength, with higher cement contents mitigating the adverse effects of increased brick incorporation. The optimal silica fume content for enhancing compressive strength was identified as 15%; beyond this, the strength decreased due to reduced workability and microstructural inefficiencies. The dosage of superplasticizer significantly affected the compressive strength, with an optimum range observed at 2.0%, whereas excessive dosages resulted in strength reduction. The study also revealed that the early age compressive strength is more sensitive to brick incorporation, particularly at lower cement contents. However, mixtures with higher cement contents exhibited superior early-age strength retention. The splitting tensile strength consistently improved with increasing normal aggregate content, highlighting the role of aggregate stiffness and bond quality in controlling the tensile behavior. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable, high-performance lightweight concrete utilizing recycled materials, with potential applications in structural and non-structural elements where reduced self-weight and enhanced mechanical properties are desired.
Optimizing Pelargonium Ash as a Partial Cement Replacement in High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete: Mechanical and Durability Aspects
This study investigates the effects of Pelargonium Ash (PGA) as a partial cement replacement on the mechanical and durability properties of High Strength-Self Compacting Concrete (HSSCC). PGA was incorporated at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement levels, and its influence on setting time, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and resistance to sulfate and chloride attacks was evaluated. The results indicate that a 5% PGA replacement is optimal, leading to slight improvements in compressive strength at early and late curing ages without compromising self-compacting properties. Higher replacement levels (10%, 15%, 20%) adversely affect mechanical performance and durability due to rapid hardening, increased water absorption, and dilution of cementitious components. The 5% PGA mix exhibited enhanced resistance to sulfate and chloride attacks, attributed to pore refinement and pozzolanic activity. However, excessive PGA content beyond 10% negatively impacts durability and mechanical properties. Adjustments in water and superplasticizer dosages are necessary at higher PGA levels to maintain workability. In conclusion, PGA can be effectively used as a sustainable partial cement replacement in HSSCC at an optimal level of 5-10%, balancing mechanical performance, durability, and environmental benefits.
Sustainable Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Incorporating Nano-Eggshell Waste for Improved Strength and Durability
This study examines the mechanical and microstructural properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) incorporating nano-eggshell (NES) particles as a sustainable alternative to conventional nanofillers. Eggshell waste, consisting primarily of calcium carbonate, was processed through cleaning, calcination, and grinding to obtain nanosized particles. UHPC mixtures with varying NES contents (1-5%) were prepared and evaluated for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and sorptivity at different curing ages. The results indicate that the optimal NES dosage of 3% significantly enhanced the compressive strength of UHPC by 4.9%, 6.0%, and 4.5% at 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively, compared to the reference mixture. The splitting tensile strength at 28 days also improved by 16.9% with 3% NES. The sorptivity of UHPC was reduced by 28% at the optimal NES content, indicating its improved durability. XRD analysis revealed the presence of calcium carbonate and its interactions with the cementitious matrix. The performance improvements were attributed to the nanofiller effect, accelerated hydration, and microstructural refinement induced by NES particles. However, excessive NES addition beyond the optimal dosage led to slight reductions in the mechanical properties owing to agglomeration effects. The findings demonstrate the potential of nano-eggshell waste as a sustainable and performance-enhancing alternative in UHPC, contributing to the development of eco-friendly construction material.